Which one is better? 3- and 4-axis CNC machines

The overall concept of CNC work is fairly simple - cutting tools move along a preset path communicated through a computer to create parts, products or prototypes. From medium to large production runs, to ultra-high precision in highly detailed projects, this computerized approach offers many benefits to shop owners. When designing a CNC machined part, you may not have considered the type of machine the part will be machined on, but the complexity and type of geometry that can be designed into different types of CNC machines varies.The most common variation inherent in CNC work is the number of axes the router cuts the part in. Before knowing which CNC machine is the right choice for you, it is necessary to understand the basics by delving into its definition. The following details will introduce you to 3-axis and 4-axis CNC machines.

1、Detailed introduction of 3-axis CNC machine tools

2. 4-axis CNC machine tools in detail

3, 3-axis and 4-axis CNC machines, which one should you choose?

1、Detailed introduction of 3-axis CNC machine tools

The most basic CNC milling machine has three axes, and can move and cut along each axis at the same time. x-axis moves from left to right, y-axis moves from front to back, and z-axis moves up and down. 3-axis CNC machines are very common and are usually used to cut flat, two-dimensional parts. The workpiece remains stationary, and only the cutting tool has a range of motion, moving along three axes to mill the workpiece. As the name implies, 3-axis machining can only be performed in three axes, thus simplifying the milling process. The material on the workpiece is removed in these three axes, which are front-to-back, top-to-bottom, and left-to-right.

The only disadvantage of 3-Axis milling is that it is not possible to design angular geometric features in the X-Y-Z coordinate system, regardless of the planar structure of the feature. 3-Axis machining is useful for drilling and threading holes in line with the axes or creating planar milling profiles. It is possible to machine parts from all six sides using 3-Axis machining, but you will need to install a new fixture setup for each side, which is an expensive process. However, if you need a single fixture setup, only one side of the part should be machined.

2. 4-axis CNC machine tools in detail

4-Axis CNC machines operate on the X, Y and Z axes and another axis of rotation, usually around the X-axis. The fourth axis, called the A-axis, rotates the spindle 180 degrees around the X-axis during the cutting process. This axis of rotation allows cutting on multiple sides of the workpiece without resetting, whereas a 3-axis router can only cut on one side of the same workpiece at a time. 4-Axis CNC routers are the preferred method for advanced and complex cutting and engraving, such as those commonly found in furniture, musical instruments, cabinetry, etc. 4-Axis milling works similarly to the 3-Axis process, in which the cutting tool extracts material from the workpiece and creates the desired geometry in the machined part.

3.3-axis and 4-axis CNC machines, which one should you choose?

As you probably understand by now, the fundamental difference between a 3-axis CNC machine and a 4-axis CNC machine is the axis motion that occurs between the cutting machine and the workpiece. The higher complexity of motion between the two parts helps machinists create parts with more complex geometries for a variety of industries. The number of axes indicates the complexity of the milling process that the machine can perform, the level of complexity that can be achieved when milling the part, and the points of the workpiece that the machine can machine. While there is no one-size-fits-all option when it comes to purchasing a milling machine on the market, it all comes down to your unique manufacturing requirements, the complexity and precision needed, and your budget. If you're looking to create complex 3D shapes or mill on the sloped surfaces of components while ensuring high accuracy, choose a 4-axis milling machine.

Finally, CNC milling has opened up an extremely efficient process that helps to remove material from workpieces of varying geometric complexity. Therefore, it is important that you make your purchasing decision carefully according to your requirements, budget and working hours. Most of the small machine shops do not need to create complex geometric patterns; therefore, 3-axis machines can help them get the job done. For specialized applications such as complex geometries, it is recommended that you purchase a 4-axis machine.

The main products of Shandong U-May CNC Technology Co., Ltd. are various CNC machinery such as CNC machine tools, plasma cutting machines and laser machines. UTECH has professional designers to customize your own CNC machinery. We provide high-quality machinery and equipment, and we insist on using high-quality accessories to form sturdy and durable CNC equipment. These machines are used in many industrial, craft and artistic enterprises around the world. These include woodwork, metal and stone working, aluminum working, boat building, shop fitting, mold making and more. We have a professional after-sales service department, sales team and complete quality assurance procedures, so you can buy with confidence without any worries. UTECH welcomes customers and potential business partners from all over the world to work together for mutual benefit.